When stakes are high : political risk and trade credit re-insurance

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      <subfield code="a">When stakes are high </subfield>
      <subfield code="b">: political risk and trade credit re-insurance</subfield>
      <subfield code="c"> Felix von Studnitz... [et al.]</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">The current global political environment is defined by heightened instability in emerging markets as well as the return of political risks in developed economies, where frustrated electorates are newly receptive to the appeals of nationalism, populism and protectionism. With businesses facing unexpected developments ranging from overseas expropriations to local regulatory difficulties post-Brexit, this class of coverage is more sought after than ever. Initially, most political risk insurance (PRI) coverage was export credit-related political 
risk insurance. New types of peril and classifications are now used under the same umbrella, such as contract frustration (trade risks or contract cancellation); credit risk (financing with private companies); political risk (confiscation, expropriation, nationalisation, deprivation); and financial guarantees (non-trade related). This paper provides an overview of the PRI market, its constituent players and functions, and forecasts possible reforms and developments </subfield>
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