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MAP20210033483Health at a Glance 2021 OECD indicators. — Paris : OECD, 2021274 pSumario: COVID-19 has generated enormous human, social and economic costs, and revealed the underlying fragilities of many health systems to withstand shocks. The pandemic has claimed millions of lives, with many more suffering ill-health as a direct or indirect consequence of the virus. It has placed immense pressure on health care services that were often already overstretched before the pandemic. The pandemic has also shown that effective health spending is an investment, not a cost to be contained: stronger, more resilient health systems protect both populations and economies. At the same time, additional health spending and COVID-related debt will weigh heavily on budgets, and require careful scrutiny to maximise value for money. Health spending continues to focus predominantly on curative care rather than disease prevention and health promotion, and much more is spent in hospitals than on primary health care. Moving forward, it is imperative to strengthen the resilience and preparedness of health systems, Encouraging signs point to the potential for systemic change, with advances in digital health and better integrated care