Modelling and predicting enterprise level cyber risks in the context of sparse data availability

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      <subfield code="a">Despite growing attention to cyber risks in research and practice, quantitative cyber risk assessments remain limited, mainly due to a lack of reliable data. This analysis leverages sparse historical data to quantify the financial impact of cyber incidents at the enterprise level. The results suggest that the probability of a cyber incident correlates with the subindustry, with the insurance sector being particularly exposed. The predicted financial losses from a cyber incident are less extreme than cited in recent investigations. The study confirms that cyber risks are heavy-tailed, jeopardising business operations and profitability </subfield>
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