Retirement as risk or relief? The role of timing in mental, physical and cognitive health effects of retirement

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      <subfield code="a">Retirement as risk or relief? The role of timing in mental, physical and cognitive health effects of retirement</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">This article examines how the effects of retirement on mental, physical, and cognitive health vary according to retirement age, prior job satisfaction, and whether the transition is voluntary or involuntary. It uses longitudinal data from the Swedish population-based HEARTS study, with nine annual waves of follow-up between 2015 and 2023. The results show average improvements in mental well-being and memory after retirement, particularly among those who retire early. However, high prior job satisfaction and involuntary retirement are associated with greater risks of negative effects on mental health. The study provides relevant evidence for the design of active ageing and flexible retirement policies</subfield>
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