IMD smart city index 2025 : the housing affordability challenge : a growing concern

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<subTitle>: the housing affordability challenge : a growing concern</subTitle>
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<dateIssued>2025</dateIssued>
<edition>6th. edition</edition>
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<abstract displayLabel="Summary">This index offers a balanced focus on economic and technological aspects of smart cities on the one hand, and humane dimensions of smart cities (quality of life, environment, and inclusiveness) on the other.

In this edition, survey answers to the question Is finding housing with rent equal to or less than 30% of the average monthly salary a problem in your city? shape the dialogue. The new cities added this year are: AlUla in Saudi Arabia, Astana in Kazakhstan, Caracas in Venezuela, Kuwait City in Kuwait, Manama in Bahrain, and San Juan in Puerto Rico  bringing this year's total to 146</abstract>
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