How does population ageing affect health system financial sustainability and affordable access to health care in Europe?

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      <subfield code="a">This report analyses how population ageing will affect the financial sustainability of European health systems and its consequences for affordable access to health care. Using the PASH Simulator, it forecasts the evolution of public revenue, spending and financing gaps up to 2060 in several European countries. The study shows that ageing will reduce revenue in systems relying on employment-based contributions and increase spending due to higher health needs. If gaps are filled through out-of-pocket payments, financial hardship will grow, especially among low-income households. The document proposes policy actions to strengthen financial protection and ensure universal health coverage</subfield>
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