Interpretation of urine results used to assess chemical exposure with emphasis on creatinine adjustments: a review

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      <subfield code="a">Interpretation of urine results used to assess chemical exposure with emphasis on creatinine adjustments: a review</subfield>
      <subfield code="c">Mark Frederick Boeninger, Larry K. Lowry, Jon Rosenberg</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">This paper reviews the process of elimination of creatinine (CRE), and the limitations presented when using it to express urine concentrations. This literature review leads to three conclusions: (1) CRE excretion is subject to wide fluctuations due to specific internal and external factors; (2) the use of CRE to correct chemical concentrations in urine will not necessarily improve the correlation to the exposure dose for all chemicals; and (3) other means of expressing urine concentration may offer greater accuracy towards estimating individually adsorbed dose</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">American Industrial Hygiene Association journal</subfield>
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      <subfield code="t">American Industrial Hygiene Association journal</subfield>
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      <subfield code="g">Vol. 54, nº 10, October 1993 ; p. 615-627</subfield>
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