Action required : the urgency of addressing social determinants of health

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      <subfield code="a">Modern medicine, a marvel of technology and ingenuity, ushers in waves of progress that can add length and quality to human life. And yet certain powerful countervailing forces work against the efficacy of new treatments. The social determinants of health  often-ignored social factors such as employment; housing; income inequality; and level of access to clean water, education and transportation  undermine progress and can swamp the health systems that ignore them. Because even the most advanced medical interventions are rendered ineffective when people struggle with social isolation, income  inequality, poor nutrition and pollution. As social factors counteract medical best practices, health systems often remain focussed on creating solutions at the wrong interaction point: after people are already sick and in crisis.</subfield>
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