The Affordability of the individual markets in the affordable care act : analyses of premium increases and cost reductions from an expanded cross-subsidization perspective

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><modsCollection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-8.xsd">
<mods version="3.8">
<titleInfo>
<nonSort xml:space="preserve">The  </nonSort>
<title>Affordability of the individual markets in the affordable care act</title>
<subTitle>: analyses of premium increases and cost reductions from an expanded cross-subsidization perspective</subTitle>
</titleInfo>
<typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
<genre authority="marcgt">periodical</genre>
<originInfo>
<place>
<placeTerm type="code" authority="marccountry">usa</placeTerm>
</place>
<dateIssued encoding="marc">2020</dateIssued>
<issuance>serial</issuance>
</originInfo>
<language>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
</language>
<physicalDescription>
<form authority="marcform">print</form>
</physicalDescription>
<abstract displayLabel="Summary">In response to the significant premium increases and the death spiral concern, this research examines the stability and affordability of the ACA individual markets by quantifying appropriate premium increases in expanded cross-subsidization groups and determining cost reduction potentials. The results indicate that the required premium increases of the Marketplace insurers are definitely affordable when spreading among the enrollees in expanded cross subsidization groups. Furthermore, premium increases or government subsidies are actually unnecessary if conservative cost reductions are achieved through efficiency improvement. This research suggests that premium increases and cost reductions be implemented through a subsidized reinsurance program or an individual market guaranty fund, financed by shared assessments from customers, providers, and insurers, or government subsidies. The estimated premium increases and cost reductions of this research provide important targets for financing assessments and government subsidies.</abstract>
<note type="statement of responsibility">Charles C. Yang</note>
<subject xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="MAPA20140005659">
<topic>Subsidios</topic>
</subject>
<subject xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="MAPA20080594671">
<topic>Análisis estadístico</topic>
</subject>
<subject xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="MAPA20080579258">
<topic>Cálculo actuarial</topic>
</subject>
<subject xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="MAPA20080602437">
<topic>Matemática del seguro</topic>
</subject>
<subject xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="MAPA20080581886">
<topic>Primas de seguros</topic>
</subject>
<classification authority="">6</classification>
<relatedItem type="host">
<titleInfo>
<title>North American actuarial journal</title>
</titleInfo>
<originInfo>
<publisher>Schaumburg : Society of Actuaries, 1997-</publisher>
</originInfo>
<identifier type="issn">1092-0277</identifier>
<identifier type="local">MAP20077000239</identifier>
<part>
<text>01/09/2020 Tomo 24 Número 3 - 2020 , p. 446-462</text>
</part>
</relatedItem>
<recordInfo>
<recordContentSource authority="marcorg">MAP</recordContentSource>
<recordCreationDate encoding="marc">201006</recordCreationDate>
<recordChangeDate encoding="iso8601">20201006140926.0</recordChangeDate>
<recordIdentifier source="MAP">MAP20200031550</recordIdentifier>
<languageOfCataloging>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">spa</languageTerm>
</languageOfCataloging>
</recordInfo>
</mods>
</modsCollection>