"Economic value added" as a measure of life insurer performance

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      <subfield code="a">"Economic value added" as a measure of life insurer performance</subfield>
      <subfield code="c">Vickie L. Bajtelsmit and John W. Ellis</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Life insurance companies and the industry as a whole currently face several significant challenges. They must cope with a sluggish US economy, aggressive competition from other financial institutions, a hostile political and regulatory environment, and reduced demand for more profitable life insurance products in favor of investment-oriented life and annuity products. All of this comes at a time when consumer confidence has been low due to negative publicity from a few high profile failures and isolated improper sales practices. A fundamental principle of finance is that the value of any asset can be determined by taking the present value of its future cash flows discounted at an appropiate required rate of return. Discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis is the basis for life/actuarial insurance pricing and has been employed extensively in the non-financial sector for analysis of capital budgesting decisions and stock pricing. However, an alternative and potentially superior model called "economic value added" (EVA), has been developed and popularized by the consulting firm Stern Stewart & Co. as a method of determining how successfully a firm's management adds to shareholder value. This measure bypasses accounting rules and focusses on operational return on invested capital</subfield>
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