The Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Lithium-Ion Batteries: : a study with Focus on Current Technology and Batteries for light-duty vehicles

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      <subfield code="a">The Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Lithium-Ion Batteries: </subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">This report presents the findings from the Swedish Energy Agency and the Swedish Transport Administration commissioned study on the Life Cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from lithium-ion batteries. It does not include the use phase of the batteries.
The study consists of a review of available life cycle assessments on lithium-ion batteries for light-duty vehicles, and the results from the review are used to draw conclusions on how the production stage impacts the greenhouse gas emissions. The report also focuses on the emissions from each individual stage of the battery production, including; mining, material refining, refining to battery grade, and assembly of components and battery.</subfield>
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