Towards a European system for natural catastrophe risk management

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      <subfield code="a">This paper proposes a possible EU-level solution to address the widening gap  in natural catastrophe insurance protection in Europe. Increased economic exposure and the growing frequency and severity of natural catastrophes linked to  climate change have been driving up the cost of natural catastrophes in Europe. Between 1981 and 2023, natural catastrophes caused around 900 billion in direct  economic losses within the EU, with one-fifth of these losses having occurred in the  last three years alone. However, over the same period, only about a quarter of the losses incurred from extreme weather and climate-related events in the EU were  insured  and this share is declinin</subfield>
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      <subfield code="u">https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/ecb.climateinsuranceprotectiongap_EIOPA202412~6403e0de2b.en.pdf</subfield>
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