Investing in Europe's green future : Green investment needs, outlook and obstacles

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<title>Investing in Europe's green future</title>
<subTitle>: Green investment needs, outlook and obstacles</subTitle>
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<title>Occasional Paper Series. No 367</title>
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<namePart>European Central Bank</namePart>
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<dateIssued>2025</dateIssued>
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<abstract displayLabel="Summary">The document titled investing in Europe's green future aims to assess the scale of green investment needed in the EU to meet its 2030 climate targets and to explore how these investments can be financed. It highlights that achieving carbon neutrality will require annual investments of 2.7% to 3.7% of EU GDP, primarily from the private sector, with public funds playing a complementary role. The paper analyzes sectoral and country-specific investment needs, evaluates current financing conditions, and identifies obstacles such as high costs and limited fiscal support. It also discusses policy optionsstructural, fiscal, and financialto mobilize private capital, improve transparency, and close the projected public funding gap after 2026</abstract>
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