Global energy perspective 2025

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<title>Global energy perspective 2025</title>
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<publisher>McKinsey & Company</publisher>
<dateIssued>2025</dateIssued>
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<abstract displayLabel="Summary">The report outlines the evolving dynamics of the global energy system amid geopolitical uncertainty, shifting policies, and rising energy demand. It presents three scenarios-Slow Evolution, Continued Momentum, and Sustainable Transformation- highlighting how policy ambition, technological progress, and supply chain constraints shape the pace of energy transition. Despite growing electrification and renewable energy deployment, fossil fuels are projected to retain a significant share of the energy mix through 2050. Emerging markets like India and ASEAN will drive most of the demand growth, while data centers and industrial electrification become major electricity consumers. Clean technologies such as hydrogen, sustainable fuels, and battery storage face adoption challenges due to cost and infrastructure limitations. The report emphasizes that decarbonization will follow region-specific paths, and achieving net-zero goals requires economically pragmatic strategies, system-wide investment prioritization, and resilience in the face of global disruptions</abstract>
<tableOfContents displayLabel="Contents">IForeword -- Executive summary -- Our scenarios and methodology -- The forces shaping energy in 2025 -- Growing global energy demand -- Sensitivity analysis: What if a global recession comes in 2027? -- Potential changes to GDP -- Supply chain bottlenecks -- The 2025 energy outlook -- Projected energy demand -- Expected electrification trends -- Projected fuel demand -- The power mix -- How could global coal demand evolve? -- What's the cost of complete decarbonization of the power sector? -- Looking ahead -- About this report -- Contributors</tableOfContents>
<note type="statement of responsibility">McKinsey & Company</note>
<note>En portada: Geopolitical uncertainty, shifting policies, and increasing demand for power are reshaping the energy landscape. This year's report presents our updated view on what's to come in the energy system</note>
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<topic>Energía</topic>
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<topic>Energías renovables</topic>
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<topic>Combustibles fósiles</topic>
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<topic>Recursos energéticos</topic>
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<topic>Suministro eléctrico</topic>
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<topic>Mercados emergentes</topic>
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<topic>Proyecciones</topic>
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<topic>Baterías</topic>
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<geographic>India</geographic>
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<geographic>Sudeste Asiático</geographic>
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