Demographic transformation in the EU : understanding change and adapting to its consequences

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<title>Demographic transformation in the EU</title>
<subTitle>: understanding change and adapting to its consequences</subTitle>
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<namePart>European Commission</namePart>
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<publisher>Publications Office of the European Union</publisher>
<dateIssued>2026</dateIssued>
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<abstract displayLabel="Summary">The EU population has grown at a modest but steady pace over the past decades,reaching 450.6 million people at the start of 2025. However, behindthis gradual growth lies a profound structural transformation: Europeans are living longer, the European population is getting older and the number of births is falling across the EU. The EU populationis projected to gradually decline overthecoming decades. This structural shift touches every dimension of European life, from labour markets and pensions to healthcare, housing and regional cohesion. This report examines the impact of demographic change onEUeconomies and societies.provides up-to-date evidence based on current demographic trends and projections, explores their implications across key policy areas, and highlights the initiatives already taken by the EU to address their consequences. It contributes to raising awareness of demographic change and seeks to support informed policy actions</abstract>
<tableOfContents displayLabel="Contents">Introduction -- Demographic trends, projections and drivers in the EU -- The impacts of demographic change and policy response -- Conclusions</tableOfContents>
<accessCondition type="use and reproduction">La copia digital se distribuye bajo licencia "Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)"</accessCondition>
<note type="statement of responsibility">European Commission</note>
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<topic>Demografía</topic>
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<topic>Transformaciones demográficas</topic>
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<topic>Impacto social</topic>
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<topic>Impacto económico</topic>
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<topic>Envejecimiento de la población</topic>
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<topic>Proyecciones demográficas</topic>
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<geographic>Unión Europea</geographic>
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<url displayLabel="electronic resource">https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2026-07/Demography_Report_2026.pdf</url>
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<identifier type="isbn">978-92-68-40999-2</identifier>
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