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Public-private solutions to pandemic risk : opportunities, challenges and trade-offs

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      <subfield code="a">Public-private solutions to pandemic risk</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Commercial insurers have always sought to push the boundaries of insurability by developing innovative and viable approaches to new and emerging risks of major severity such as natural disasters or changes to liability regimes. For example, Alternative Risk Transfer (ART) solutions, introduced in the 1980s, are designed to better reflect individual risk characteristics, mitigate moral hazard (i.e. the risk of people behaving less carefully once covered by insurance), offer (limited) cover for new exposures and expand capacity for large catastrophe risks (e.g. by tapping into the vast pool of institutional investment funds through Insurance-Linked Securities (ILS)).</subfield>
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