emergence of anti-establishment parties far-left Podemos party and the centrist Cuidadanos. The Covid-19 crisis has exacerbated polarisation in
the country as well as divisions between the central government and regional authorities. Meanwhile, growing nationalist concerns, first spurred by
the Catalonia issue, will support the emergence of other anti-establishment parties such as the far-right VOX. Any government will therefore
remain relatively fragile to pursue the necessary economic reforms to boost the country's outlook and avert the upcoming economic slowdown.
Ongoing corruption and money-laundering probes into former king Juan Carlos' financial affairs may plant the seed for a constitutional crisis