Insurance and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear risks

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      <subfield code="c">a joint report of the Geneva Association and the International Forum of Terrorism Risk (Re)Insurance Pools (IFTRIP)</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- Executive summary -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Defining CBRN -- 1.2 Recent CBRN events -- 1.3 Catastrophic loss potential -- 1.4 Scope and structure of the report -- 2. CBRN risk landscape -- 2.1 Terrorist motivations -- 2.2 Access to CBRN materials -- 2.3 New capabilities and innovation -- 2.4 CBRN infrastructure vulnerabilities -- 3. Existing CBRN re/insurance arrangements -- 3.1 Primary cover for malicious CBRN incidents -- 3.2 Reinsurance and retrocession -- 3.3 Public-private schemes -- 4. Re/insurers' loss exposure -- 4.1 Modelled scenario insurance loss estimates -- 4.2 Beyond better risk models -- 5. Conclusions and recommendations -- 5.1 Develop best practices among IFTRIP members -- 5.2 Explore expanded international reciprocation arrangements -- 5.3 Strengthen dialogue between re/insurers and international policymakers -- Appendix 1 Nuclear Threat Initiative Security Scores -- Appendix 2 Detailed dirty bomb loss scenario (France) -- References</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">The document explores the growing threat of CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear) incidents especially those linked to terrorism and their implications for the global insurance and reinsurance industry. It highlights the increasing accessibility of CBRN materials due to technological advances and geopolitical instability, the significant gaps in traditional insurance coverage for such high-impact, low-frequency events, and the challenges in modelling and quantifying potential losses. The report reviews current national and international insurance mechanisms, including public-private partnerships and terrorism insurance pools, and proposes strategies to enhance resilience through improved risk-sharing, international cooperation, and better integration of insurers into global CBRN risk governance</subfield>
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