The Long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on loneliness in European older women and men : a growth curve analysis

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      <subfield code="a">The Long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on loneliness in European older women and men</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">This study examines the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on loneliness among adults aged 65 and over across 27 European countries, with a focus on gender differences and the role of government-imposed containment measures. Using longitudinal data from multiple waves of the SHARE survey, the authors apply growth curve models to assess changes in loneliness before, during and after the pandemic. Results show that loneliness increased significantly during later pandemic phases and remained elevated post-pandemic, particularly among women. Higher policy stringency was associated with increased loneliness up to moderate levels, followed by a decline at the highest levels. The findings highlight persistent, gendered social consequences of the pandemic and underline the need for gender-sensitive public health and social policy interventions</subfield>
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