Consumption and poverty of older Chinese: 2011-2020

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
  <record>
    <leader>00000cab a2200000   4500</leader>
    <controlfield tag="001">MAP20220034371</controlfield>
    <controlfield tag="003">MAP</controlfield>
    <controlfield tag="005">20221122090318.0</controlfield>
    <controlfield tag="008">221122e20221031esp|||p      |0|||b|spa d</controlfield>
    <datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <subfield code="a">MAP</subfield>
      <subfield code="b">spa</subfield>
      <subfield code="d">MAP</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <subfield code="a">931.2</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield tag="245" ind1="0" ind2="0">
      <subfield code="a">Consumption and poverty of older Chinese: 2011-2020</subfield>
      <subfield code="c">Jinquan Gong...[et.al]</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Based on five waves of CHARLS data from 2011 to 2020 with expenditure imputations, we estimate living standards and poverty rates among older Chinese and study factors associated with consumption and poverty. Our results indicate that in the 2010s, China's poverty profile among older people was no longer characterized by regional concentration, such as the case in the first decades following China's economic reforms. Rather, old-age poverty is dispersed and varies mainly by demographics. Rural-urban differences, low education, and older age are the main factors associated with poverty. In the past decade, people of these characteristics enjoyed substantially more reductions in poverty, but they remain chief predictors. After controlling for demographics, consumption grew by 72.9 %, and the poverty rate declined by 59.2 % from 2011 to 2020, revealing remarkable progress. By interacting marital status with sex and urban/rural residence, we identify gaps in older people's economic support and find that the never-married urban people, widowed and divorced women, especially divorced rural women are the most at risk for poverty. Our research implies that future poverty alleviation policies should have more precise targeting.

</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield tag="540" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <subfield code="a">La copia digital se distribuye bajo licencia "Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)"</subfield>
      <subfield code="f"/>
      <subfield code="u">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</subfield>
      <subfield code="9">43</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4">
      <subfield code="0">MAPA20080543549</subfield>
      <subfield code="a">Consumo</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4">
      <subfield code="0">MAPA20080544980</subfield>
      <subfield code="a">Pobreza</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4">
      <subfield code="0">MAPA20080571498</subfield>
      <subfield code="a">Calidad de vida</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="1">
      <subfield code="0">MAPA20080644178</subfield>
      <subfield code="a">China</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2=" ">
      <subfield code="w">MAP20210010194</subfield>
      <subfield code="g">31/10/2022 Volumen 23 - 2022 , 12 p.</subfield>
      <subfield code="t">The Journal of the economics of ageing </subfield>
      <subfield code="d">Oxford : Elsevier ScienceDirect, 2021-</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield tag="856" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield>
      <subfield code="w">1118224</subfield>
      <subfield code="y">Recurso electrónico / Electronic resource</subfield>
    </datafield>
  </record>
</collection>