Geopolitical risk : a database of general and bilateral indices

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><modsCollection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-8.xsd">
<mods version="3.8">
<titleInfo>
<title>Geopolitical risk</title>
<subTitle>: a database of general and bilateral indices</subTitle>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="MAPA20260006383">
<namePart>Alonso Álvarez, Irma</namePart>
<nameIdentifier>MAPA20260006383</nameIdentifier>
</name>
<name type="corporate" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="MAPA20080439880">
<namePart>Banco de España</namePart>
<nameIdentifier>MAPA20080439880</nameIdentifier>
</name>
<typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
<originInfo>
<place>
<placeTerm type="code" authority="marccountry">esp</placeTerm>
</place>
<issuance>monographic</issuance>
<place>
<placeTerm type="text">Madrid</placeTerm>
</place>
<publisher>Banco de España</publisher>
<dateIssued>2026</dateIssued>
</originInfo>
<language>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
</language>
<physicalDescription>
<form authority="marcform">print</form>
<extent>99 p.</extent>
</physicalDescription>
<abstract displayLabel="Summary">This paper presents a comprehensive database of geopolitical risk (GPR) indices for 34 countries, constructed through a standardized textual analysis of national press sources. It develops both general and bilateral GPR indices capturing the intensity and origin of geopolitical tensions as perceived in domestic media. The methodology relies on dictionary-based queries applied to multilingual news data from the Factiva platform. The resulting high-frequency dataset is validated through statistical and narrative checks and complements existing geopolitical risk measures. The database enables new empirical applications in macroeconomics, finance and international relations</abstract>
<tableOfContents displayLabel="Contents">Abstract -- Resumen -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Dataset coverage and stylized patterns -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendix</tableOfContents>
<note type="statement of responsibility">Irma Alonso Alvarez... [et al.]</note>
<subject xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="MAPA20150011473">
<topic>Riesgos geopolíticos</topic>
</subject>
<subject xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="MAPA20080639525">
<topic>Geopolítica</topic>
</subject>
<subject xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="MAPA20080565992">
<topic>Incertidumbre</topic>
</subject>
<subject xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="MAPA20080566296">
<topic>Macroeconomía</topic>
</subject>
<subject xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="MAPA20080620349">
<topic>Relaciones internacionales</topic>
</subject>
<subject xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="MAPA20250003316">
<topic>Gestión de riesgos</topic>
</subject>
<classification authority="">7</classification>
<location>
<url displayLabel="electronic resource" usage="primary display">https://www.bde.es/f/webbe/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/PublicacionesSeriadas/DocumentosOcasionales/26/Files/do2603e.pdf</url>
</location>
<relatedItem type="series">
<titleInfo>
<title>Documentos Ocasionales</title>
<partNumber>nº 2603 ; February 2026</partNumber>
</titleInfo>
</relatedItem>
<recordInfo>
<recordContentSource authority="marcorg">MAP</recordContentSource>
<recordCreationDate encoding="marc">260413</recordCreationDate>
<recordChangeDate encoding="iso8601">20260413173644.0</recordChangeDate>
<recordIdentifier source="MAP">MAP20260010724</recordIdentifier>
<languageOfCataloging>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">spa</languageTerm>
</languageOfCataloging>
</recordInfo>
</mods>
</modsCollection>